Criminal Justice

Criminal justice is distinct from the field of criminology, which involves the study of crime as a social phenomena, causes of crime, criminal behavior, and other aspects of crime. Criminal justice emerged as an academic discipline in the 1920s, beginning with Berkeley police chief August Vollmer who established a criminal justice program at the University of California, Berkeley in 1916. Vollmer’s work was carried on by his student, O.W. Wilson, who led efforts to professionalize policing and reduce corruption.

Juvenile Courts

What was the social and historical context in which the juvenile court was created? What has been the fundamental difference between the procedures used in juvenile courts and those employed in criminal (adult) courts?

Juvenile Court, authority charged with the …

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Criminal Careers

The Compact Oxford English Dictionary the study of crime is defined as “an offense against an individual or the state which is punishable by law; such actions collectively; informal something shameful or deplorable”. Norms come in different forms; potentially criminal …

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The Insanity Plea

The concept of defense by insanity has been in existence since ancient Greek and Roman times, although it did not emerge in American history until the mid 1800’s. In 1638, in colonial America, a delusional Dorothy Talbye was hanged for …

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Racism and the law

In the 1900 a prominent English scholar Gilbert Murray said:
“There is in the world a hierarchy of races…[some] will direct and rule the others, and the lower work of the world will tend in the long run to be …

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