It was the fourth grade. I always heard rumors and gossip about a certain teacher. This year, kids said to take any teacher except Mrs. Rivera, the oral project teacher. Of course in elementary, we did not have a choice of which teacher to choose. Boy, I was shocked when I glanced at the window that had my schedule. Mrs. Rivera would be my teacher. No problems, all I need to do is stand in front of the class and speak. Of course, I always hated talking in front of the class. I did orals in second and third grade; but it couldn't be that bad. Nothing could go wrong.
Until the 19th century, children were punished and confined in the same ways as adults. Early jails housed adult men and women, juveniles, sane and insane all together.
In the early 1800’s reformers became concerned about the overcrowded conditions in the jails and the corruption youth experienced when confined with adult felons. The first House of Refuge opened in New York on January 1, 1825, as a facility exclusively for children. (Roffe) By the 1840’s, 53 more were built around the country. Houses of Refuge were not limited to children who had committed crimes. They were also homes for poor children, orphans, or any child thought to be incorrigible or wayward. The average number of children in any given house was 200, but some, like the New York House of Refuge, housed over 1,000 youths at any given time.
GDP to measure the business cycle:
‘Gross Domestic Products’ affects the American business cycle, and keeps equilibrium in our economy. GDP measures two things to help in stabilizing our economy. The economy’s income and expenditure, these two tactics are used simultaneously in measuring the annual household income and how much each household spends on goods; this is a continuously repeated cycle in the flow of money that keeps the equality to an equilibrium. The flow of income and expenditure must equal for the economy to become a whole.
